interspecific association

INTERSPECIFIC ASSOCIATION: species interact with  various way.

Such as: competition, predation,parasitism,mutualisms, commensalisms etc.

• Competition: species can compete with each other for finite resources. it is considered to be an important limiting factor of population size, biomass and species richness. Direct competition has been observed between individuals, population and species. Example-a lion chasing a hyena from a kill, or a plant releasing  allelopathic chemicals to impede the growth of a competing species.

• Predation: predation is hunting another species for food. there is a positive negative interaction. Some predators kill their prey before eating them(e.g., a hawk killing a mouse),herbivores feed on plants(e.g., a cow grazing) Predation may effect  the population size of predators and prey and the number of species coexisting in a  community.

• Mutualism: mutualism is an interaction between species in which both are benefited. Example-rhizobium bacteria growing in nodules on the roots of legumes and insect pollinating the flower of angiosperms.

• Commensalism: commensalism is a type of relationship among organisms benefits while the other organism is nither benefited nor hermed.the organism that benefited is called the commensalism. While  the other organism that is neither benefited nor harmed is called host.

• Example-an epiphytic orchid attached to the tree for support neither benefits the tree for support benefits the orchid but neither harms nor benefits the tree